BONJOUR,

Victorian 1 (born Alexandrina Victoria on May 24, 1819 at Kensington Palace, London and died January 22, 1901 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from June 20 1837 until his death. From July 1, 1867, She was also Queen of Canada, as well as Empress of India from May 1, 1876, and finally Queen of Australia on January 1, 1901.

Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. The Duke and King died in 1820 and Victoria was brought up by her mother of German descent, Princess Victoire of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She ascended to the throne at the age of 18 after the death without legitimate heirs of her father's three older brothers. The UK was already a constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign had relatively little political power. Privately, Victoria tried to influence government policies and ministerial appointments. In public, she became a national icon and was assimilated to the strict moral standards of the time.

Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in 1840. Their nine children married members of various European royal and noble families, earning Victoria the nickname “Grandmother of Europe”. After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria sank into a deep depression and retired from public life. As a result of this withdrawal, republicanism temporarily gained in influence but its popularity rose in the last years of its reign thanks to its golden and diamond jubilees which gave rise to great public celebrations.

His reign of 63 years and seven months is the second longest in the history of the United Kingdom after that of Elizabeth II. Known as the Victorian Era (although this era had started in 1832), it marked a period of profound social, economic and technological change in the United Kingdom and a rapid expansion of the British Empire. She was the last British monarch of the House of Hanover, which had ruled the British Isles since 1714, as her son and heir Edward VII belonged to her father's line, the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.