Réponse:

The general rule is that any is used for questions and negatives while some is used for positive.

Both may be used with countable and uncountable nouns.

Do we need any rice?

No, we don’t need any rice.

We have some rice in the cupboard.

Some may also be used for questions, typically offers and requests, if we think the answer will be positive.

Would you like some wine?

May I have some more chocolate?

Much/ Many and a lot of

These work in the same way as some and any. Much may only be used with uncountable nouns while many is used with countable.

Do we have much time?

Were there many people at the party?

A lot of is used for positive.

There were a lot of people at the party.

Again, much and many may also be used in questions if the speaker thinks that the answer will be positive.

Note

When any, much/many are used in negative sentences, the verb is in the negative form. It is also possible to produce negative by using no or none.