Réponse :

Hello,

1. a. People on the left are examinators for a literacy test.

b. A literacy test is a test to check if someone can read and write.

2. a. "Grandfather clause" states that if a grandfather voted, his grandchildren were allowed to vote.

b. Black people who were not able to read or to write weren't allowed to vote.

c. Black people had to give money to be allowed to vote.

d. There were so many conditions because many civil rights wer denied to Black people who were still seen as former slaves.

e. The VRA was a law that allowed black Americans to vote without any conditions.

f. The VRA mentions "with no ifs, ands or buts". "If, ands or buts" refer to conditions.

g. "If, ands or buts" could be :

- pay a poll tax;

- be able to read and write;

- have a grandfather who voted.

Explications :