Réponse:

1) Paston in in jail because of thoughcrime (he has politically unorthodox thoughts, as in other beliefs that are considered as a criminal offence or as socially unacceptable)

>Note: J'ai pris le sens de «Thoughtcrime» d'Internet)

2) His "little daughter" is mentioned because she's the one who denounced Winston

3) The father is proud of his girl for denoucing him before it's too late and for doing what's right which explains the title "A father's pride"

4) He accepts his arrest he had bad thoughts that he didn't know about and didn't want them to get worse and deeper

5) The sort of society described here is an intolerant society who isn't willing to accept other beliefs and point of views other than there's. I think that they lack social values by rejecting and taking away other's personnal opinion and by that, taking his own freedom of speech and thoughts

J'espère que cela t'as aidé, et je suis désolé si les réponses ne sont pas spécifiques et développées.